cosmology:

The universe is very old

About the distances and the ages

return

On the basis of a local interpretation of the energy-momentum tensor, (which expresses a density and a pressure in a locally inertial reference frame, a COdensity and a COpressure in a COmoving reference frame, within the framework of the general theory of relativity) one can build models for universe explaining the current observations and having an age as large as one wants. For the proof, it is straightforward from the paper I write with Marc Lachieze-Rey, Cosmological effects in the local static frame, A&A, Volume 434, Issue 1, April IV 2005, pp. 45-52, gr-qc/0412084

FORMULAS

Briefly let us point out the advantages of these models which asymptotically approximate the models of De Sitter, compared to the standard model.
- an age of the universe larger than that of the oldest objects than it contains, and this whatever is the value of the Hubble parameter.
- isotropy of the cosmological microwawe radiation background in other words no cosmological horizon problem.
- the fluctuations of the microwawe radiation background come from primordial fluctuations, and this without resorting to an inflationary scenario.
- an always increasing angular distance with the redshift.
- the no mystery of the cosmological constant which translates simply the Codensity of matter.
- a theoretical formula applicable easily to all redshift.
- the stability of the models compared to the initial conditions. (No recourse to the anthropic hypothesis is necessary!).
- the space curve of the universe today is well defined.
- the existence of a purely gravitational pressure (negative) which makes it possible to define the concept of radius of attraction of a local surdensity. The problems of missing mass arise in a completely new way, and are then more easily explained.
Last evaluations of cosmological parameters (1998):
qo<0, 55 < = Ho < = 65, Omega_Lambda=Omega_o=0.45 +-0.2 (i.e. these evaluations within the framework of the models above), to a biblio
this gives an age from 16 to 24 Billion years.

The night is always black

For Omega=0.7 and Ho=65, the universe is 22 billion years old. It is near the double of the age given by the standard models OCDM and LambdaCDM .
Ho=75 was the average value accepted in 1996, BUT

Following the measurements made by Hipparcos, and other measurements (1997):

Ho would be 55.

During the year 2000, 55< = Ho<=75 is usually used and in this year 2001, let us announce the point made by Mr. Rowan-Robinson (astro-ph/0012026) which gives Ho = 63 + / - 6.
Others give Ho = 71 + / - 7.

Sur l' âge des galaxies

(in french, april 2002)

About the distances:

Comparison with the standard model for the luminosity and angular distances.

For redshift from 1 to 5 (interesting for the quasars) the luminosity distance varies from the simple one to 3 between the two types of models!

Ouf the angular distance is well increasing with the redshift!